Information as Thing (Michael Buckland)

  1. Information-as-process

    The act of informing or being informed.

  2. Information-as-knowledge

    The knowledge communicated, perceived or gained in information-as-process.

  3. Information-as-thing

    Objects used to provide information.

  4. Evidence

    The available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.

  5. Information as measurement data

    Data that is processed and assembled into a specific form.

  6. Information as commodity

    The monetary value of information.

  7. Information as documentation

    Information as texts or documents.

  8. Information as message

    The influence of media and who provided the information.

  9. Information as anecdote

    Experience from family, friends and neighbors.

  10. Information as intuition

    Information from internal feelings and individual preferences

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